List of Product Testing Equipment

Compatibility between quartz crystal and oscillation circuit We provide testing board services and will use professional quartz crystal testing equipment to measure the frequency data of individual cells at room temperature and after on board vibration. We will compare and confirm the error between the two to ensure that the frequency error between the customers circuit design and the individual cell is minimized. We will accurately, professionally, and carefully measure the customers circuit board to avoid frequency deviation caused by problems with the application of the customers circuit board and the individual cell.

VCXO noun explanation and principle application VCXO (voltage controlled crystal oscillator) is a voltage controlled crystal oscillator that uses different voltages as control sources to adjust the frequency of the quartz resonator by tuning the voltage to change the capacitance of the capacitor diode. The oscillation frequency is determined by the crystal and can be adjusted within a small range by controlling the voltage. VCXO allows a wide frequency control range, with a tuning range of about ± 200ppm or even larger. Commonly used voltages include 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 5V, etc., with 3.3V being the most widely used. The VCXO product has voltage control function and is used for data signal acquisition, jitter attenuation, or frequency synthesis in the output frequency internal circuit. The current loss does not exceed 2mA. It has fast start, low voltage operation, low-level driving, and low current consumption. Its characteristics are as follows: 1. Wide frequency modulation range. 2. High precision and high stability. 3. Low jitter or low phase noise. Note: The jitter of the VCXO output signal directly affects the design of other circuits, and it is usually desirable for the jitter of the VCXO to be as small as possible.

TCXO (Temperature Compensate Crystal Oscillator ) 是一种温度补偿晶体振盪器，通过附加的温度补偿电路使周围温度变化产生的振盪频率变化量削减的一种，属于有源器件，通常在整个工作温度范围内的频率稳定度为±0.5 ppm 至±5 ppm。 由于 TCXO 具有较高的频率稳定度，而且体积小，在小电流下能够快速启动，其应用领域重点扩展到移动通信系统。TCXO 作为基准振盪器为发送信号提供频率基准，同时作为接收通道的第一级本机振盪器；另一隻 TCXO 作为第 2 本机振盪器，将其振盪信号输入到第 2 变频器。移动电话要求的频率稳定度为0.1～2.5ppm（-30～+75℃） ，但出于成本上的考量，通常选用的规格为 1.5～2.5ppm。

LVDS - Low-Voltage Differential Signaling（低电压差分信号），为差分对输入输出，利用终端电阻 (100Ω) 形成较小350 mV的差分电压，此差分电压讯号适用于高速数据传输应用，对有线资料传输有更好的抗杂讯干扰，且小的电压摆幅可降低线路上电力消耗。

LVPECL - Low Voltage Positive Emitter-Couple Logic (低压正发射极耦合逻辑 )，LVPECL 产品相较于一般 CMOS Oscillator 的上升/下降时间来的快速，且杂讯干扰小，更适合用在干扰杂讯感度较高的应用上(时脉与讯号传输)。

产品在不同温度下的电性能变化情况。 石英晶棒切割角度不同，其电特性也不一样，通常石英晶片对晶棒坐标轴某种方位（角度）的切割称为石英晶片的切型(见图一)。 AT切割角度为35度，BT切割角度为49度，两者都适用在数MHz到数佰MHz的频率范围，且AT切割角度和BT切割角度具有不同的温度与频率曲线(见下图二三)，BT切割角度温度频率误差较大，AT切割角度相对比较稳定，是石英晶片应用范围最广范及使用数量最多的一种切割应用方式。

石英谐振器一般作为电感元件在振盪电路中起稳定频率作用，而电路的其他元件均可等效为一个负载电容与石英谐振器串联或并联，负载电容不同会影响频率偏移，因此建议设计时必须针对产品实际的负载电容量测，以确定是否符合搭配线路设计

石英晶片本身为一压电材料（Piezoelectric Material），利用外电压加于晶片的两侧产生电场，由于压电材料本身机械与电性耦合（Coupling）作用，使晶体产生机械变形，且晶体的切割面受到机械应力的作用，晶体的两相对面又会产生一电位差，这种特性称为压电（Piezoelectric）效应。当我们加一交流电压于晶体上，即可产生循环不已之晶片振盪；振盪的频率会依晶体的不同而異，石英晶体切割片愈薄，切割技术愈困难，但谐振频率愈高。

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1. 串联谐振频率及并联谐振频率 ( fs , fp ) 2. 谐振频率及反谐振频率 ( fr , fa ) 3. 最大电导频率及最小电导频率 ( fm , fn )

公称频率及容许误差( Nominal Frequency and Tolerance ) 基本波振荡及倍频振荡模态( Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)